The Arctic in the British Imagination.

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Starts with 1818 and Barrow’s Admiralty focus on the north for geographical, scientific, commercial, and nationalistic purposes. David describes three phases:

Ending in Ice: the Revolutionary Idea and Tragic Expedition of Alfred Wegener.

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Alfred Wegener is most famous for his proposed theory of continental draft, published in 1912. At first denied and scorned, then dismissed as unimportant, followed by eventual acceptance. His other fame relates to his several research expeditions seeking to understand the climatic influence of Greenland weather. He died on the ice trying to rescue his scientific colleagues isolated at Eismitte in 1930. Unlike so many explorers he was dedicated to his scientific endeavors.

Samuel Hearne & the Landscapes of Discovery.

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In seeking the sublime and picturesque Hearn found in the northern landscape “what he had been taught to look for.” A landscape of barren hills and open marshes is appropriate for the barbarity of Hearne’s account.

The Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay….

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Boas’s work says nothing about Inuit reading but is included here for his lengthy accounts of oral tales from Cumberland Sound (81) and from the West Coast of Hudson Bay (30). Here is one brief example chosen at random:

Smith Sound and its Exploration.

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p. 335, John Barrow: the English geographer, who credited only those discoveries that were made by officers of the Royal Navy.

A Woman’s Trip to Alaska, Being an Account of a Voyage through the Inland Seas of the Sitkan Archipelago in 1890.

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An unusual woman’s trip for the time, written to encourage other women to abandon their grand tours in favor of this northern one. Miss Collis proves to be a self-indulgent, spoiled wealthy New Yorker, with no sympathy for the natives who “should be coerced into good behavior” (p. 15). She was a Jewish southerner who married a Philadelphia soldier, a general in the Civil War. She travelled with him during the war and wrote a book about her experiences in a divided family. That may be a better book than this self-indulgent one.

She Went a-Whaling: The Journal of Martha Smith Brewer Brown.

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An example of a whaling captain’s wife going to sea with him. Whaling wives were usually known for their New England piety amidst the rough-hewn crews of 19th-century whaling ships. This is the diary of one of them, Martha Brown, who sailed from Orient, New York, aboard the Lucy Ann on August 31, 1847, on an eastward voyage round the world that eventually passed Cape Horn.

Looking both ways: Heritage and Identity of the Alutiq People.

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p. 60-61: “Forgotten Literacy” by Lydia Block: Literacy in the Alutiq language developed in the early 19th century thanks to Russian American schools, parish and secular (1741-1867). Some youth were taken to Okhotsh and Irkutsz in Siberia and a school started in Kodiak by monks of the First Mission. A text of the Lord’s Prayer in Alutiq survives (printed 1816); a Catechism of 1847; also a primer and Gospel of St Matthew (parallel Alutiq and Slavonic, printed in St Petersburg in 1848).

English Writings about the New World,

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p. 38: At least by the nineteenth century, most expeditions of exploration considered a well-stocked library an essential component of their cargo. Obviously, those in ships could afford a greater tonnage; just how many men on Franklin’s two land expeditions hauled books and charts over portages and across the tundra remains a nice question. Certainly, when the first expedition was reduced in the fall of 1821 to a straggling line of men marching back from Bathurst Inlet to the hoped-for refuge of Fort Enterprise, a copy of Samuel Hearne’s A Journey from the Prince of Wales’s Fort, in Hudson’s Bay, to the Northern Ocean, the only book then available about the region, remained part of the load. The party of twenty men lost their way more than once. Were they consulting the charter in the inferior but lighter-weight octavo edition of Hearne’s book, issued in Dublin in 1796? It would have made a more logical traveling companion than the larger quarto first edition (London, 1795). Yet the map in the octavo showed Hearne’s return route across the Barrens differently from the first edition’s map. The discrepancy could have confused Franklin, whose men suffered more than one delay, and contributed to the number of deaths. Certainly, the matter of a book’s size bears materially on this dramatic possibility.

Marginalia.

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Volume I:

Icebound in the Siberian Arctic: The Story of the Last Cruise of the Fur Schooner

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The story of a fur trading vessel that wintered over at North Cape near the Bering Straits among Chukchi Eskimos, together with an account of the rescue attempt by air of Carl Ben Eielson, founder of Alaskan Airlines. In 1929, Eielson died alongside his mechanic Earl Borland in an air crash while attempting to evacuate furs and personnel from the Nanuk , then trapped at North Cape.

James Eight and the Palmer-Pendleton Expedition of 1829-1831,

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p. 146-47: The scientific program of the expedition was sponsored by the Lyceum for Natural History of the City of New York. Newspapers encouraged private citizens to lend books, charts, and instruments to the expedition, and when the Annawan sailed it was said to have on board a fine collection of instruments and several hundred books.

South with Shackleton.

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A rather saccharine account of Endurance and Shackleton, with very little critical self-assessment. Nonetheless, it mainly conforms to most stories of the expedition.